Showing posts with label dividends. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dividends. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 07, 2010

Dividend Oriented Portfolio Poised to Outperform?

I've recently written about the relatively high dividend yields available from some of the major S&P 500 companies in comparison to the terrible yields in things like US government bonds (10 years at 2.5%) and municipal bonds.

In my opinion, the bull market in bonds is due to come sliding - possibly crashing - down, just as other inflated investments have in the recent past, eg NASDAQ, peak years 2000-2001, US housing market years 2006-2007. Tears are inevitable.

On the other hand, with the idea in mind that you can construct a reasonably safe dividend-oriented, relatively diversified stock portfolio going forward, which provides a yield well above that, AND with decent potential for dividend growth, I screened the S&P 500 for stocks yielding above 3%, in market-leading names I recognize, and with decent (more than 10%) returns on invested capital (ROIC).

Here's the list I came up with, that I think will outperform the S&P500 significantly in total return over the next two years:


The only name that doesn't strictly meet that criteria is General Electric, which has a relatively low return on invested capital, given the capital intensive nature of its business and its past actions as, effectively, a bank.

The dividends all appear reasonably safe with these companies, as they have either relatively moderate payout ratios, or have recently lifted their dividend payments.

The last thing to consider is the potential impact of climate change on these companies over the short to medium term. In my view, none of them have the potential for short-to-medium term implosion, like I detailed for Compass Minerals.

However, some have a bit of climate-change short-to-medium-term risk as I see it, as discussed below:

Altria is a cigarette manufacturer/retailer. It is possible that climate change could affect their business in two ways:

Firstly, smokers tend to be in the lower economic strata; these are the folks who will be most effected  by potential food inflation. If they are spending more for food, then less is available for things like cigarettes which, despite their addictive qualities, are still a discretionary purchase. Some smokers may choose to quit if their budgets become more squeezed, accelerating the already evident trend of sales degradation, or they may trade down to lower margin brands.

Secondly, its possible that there could be some tobacco crop failures going forward (drought or too much precipitation/at wrong time), resulting in higher input costs. This would put Altria in the unenviable position of a margin squeeze, or having to hike prices (resulting in sales loss), or consumers trading down to cheaper brands.

On balance, I would rate their short-to-medium-term climate risk issues as moderate.

Heinz is a food manufacturer who could also be affected moderately over the short-term in a manner fairly similar to Altria. While consumers are unlikely to quit Heinz's type of product (they still need to eat), they may well trade down to cheaper brands with lower margins. Secondly, crop failures could also have a similar impact as described to Altria, above.

Sysco has moderate short-term climate risk, since they are a food distributor who supplies many restaurants. If food inflation picks up, then the general consumer will spend less on restaurant meals, meaning that many of Sysco clients could reduce volumes/orders (lowered revenue for Sysco) and suffer some financial distress (meaning Sysco's accounts receivables could also balloon).

Procter and Gamble is the final one which I believe also has some short-to-medium term climate risk. If food inflation occurs, and leaves fewer dollars on the table of their customers, then their customers may very well trade down from the PG family of premium products, to more economically priced ones.

On balance, I would say that this portfolio probably has average climate-change risk on a go-forward basis.

Disclosure: No positions.

On a blog aggregator? Go here, The Confused Capitalist, for additional content and our growing focus on climate change investment strategy.

Saturday, July 26, 2008

Not quite the Dogs of the Dow

A recent article in the paper reminded me of the importance of dividends in outperforming the market. Many academic studies have shown that dividend-paying stocks outperform their non-paying brethren by leaps and bounds over time.

Further to that, I took a look at the current constituents of the Dow Jones Index, and the current yields available there, with the idea that, based on today's share prices, some of the companies are better situated to outperform the index over the next while. Here are the recent stock prices and the most recent dividends payable for each company (sorted by dividend yield):

Stock - Current Price - Dividend Yield (%)

Bank of America - $29.58 - 8.65%
Pfizer - $18.89 - 7.09%
Citigroup - $18.85 - 6.79%
AT&T - $31.40 - 5.48%
Verizon Comm. $34.45 - 4.99%
Merck - $32.68 - 4.65%
General Electric - $28.71 - 4.53%
Home Depot - $23.80 - 3.91%
JPMorgan Chase - $39.52 - 3.85%
Dupont - $43.81 - 3.74%
Chevron - $82.56 - 3.23%
American Int'l. Group $27.24 - 3.23%
Coca-Cola - $52.06 - 3.07%
3M - $70.95 - 2.90%
Johnson & Johnson - $69.03 - 2.72%
Boeing - $63.83 - 2.66%
McDonalds - $58.65 - 2.64%
Procter & Gamble - $64.46 - 2.64%
Intel - $22.01 - 2.61%
Caterpillar - $70.48 - 2.47%
United Technologies - $65.23 - 2.19%
Alcoa - $31.81 - 2.14%
American Express - $36.62 - 2.05%
ExxonMobil - $81.70 - 2.02%
Microsoft - $26.16 - 1.80%
Wal Mart - $56.83 - 1.74%
IBM - $128.53 - 1.63%
Disney - $31.10 - 1.25%
Hewlett Packard - $43.71 - 0.73%
General Motors - $11.90 - nil (dividend suspended)

These stocks have a median yield as represented by Johnson & Johnson/Boeing of 2.68% and a mean average yield of 3.25%.

What I am looking for here is stocks that seem to be mispriced in my favor - in other words, the dividend yield is higher than might be expected, while the prospects going forward over the intermediate term (5 years or so) for the company remain decent or better. Furthermore, I am looking for companies whose future is less likely to be impacted by higher inflation than average - typically, companies that have lower than average CAPEX requirements. Overall, this is an approach similar to a "Dogs of the Dow" strategy.

Leaving aside the prospects for the financial companies, who have an uncertain outlook - to say the least - over the next while, I like the following basket as likely to outperform:

Drug Companies:
Merck, Pfizer
Communications:
Verizon, AT&T
Consumer:
Coca-Cola, Johnson & Johnson, Proctor & Gamble
Other:
General Electric

These stocks have a median dividend yield of 4.59% and a mean average dividend yield of 4.40%.

While I like some of the companies prospects whose dividends lie in the bottom half, I think that their yield indicates that the market likes them a bit too much at present. If their dividend yield were to rise, the following companies might also interest me:

Hewlett-Packard, Disney, Wal-Mart, Microsoft, Intel, McDonalds (good news already priced in).

That's it - we'll check back on this basket at my annual review cycle, versus the Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF "DIA" which is currently priced at $113.17.

Disclosure: No positions held.



JW

The Confused Capitalist

Thursday, July 10, 2008

GE - Looks good to me


Just a quick post here before GE's earnings announcement. It's not often you get to buy a quality company with a 4.6% yield, based on the currrent $1.28 annual dividend payment and current price of $27.64. Nevertheless, GE has good prospects going forward.


Yes, there's some hiccups right now - if there weren't - the stock would be priced at >$45 with a sub 3% yield (like it has been for almost all of the past decade). You don't get to buy good solid companies at high yields very often. Stocks like these, with prices like this, are cornerstones of solid portfolio building.


Disclosure: no position.


JW

The Confused Capitalist

Friday, January 18, 2008

7.1%? Are you kidding me!!?

Picture: Kruschev (famous table pounder at the UN)

Well, 2006 seemed like the year I pounded the table for emerging markets. If you'd listened to me - heck, if I'd taken my advice more seriously - my portfolio and yours would be turning into serious dough by now.

I have a feeling that this year I'll be pounding the table about the banks.

Less than two weeks ago, I wrote about an eight stock portfolio containing three banks - stocks that Warren Buffett had recently added to his position in. Since then, two of the three stocks have fallen in price and the dividend yield has correspondingly increased. These three stocks, recent prices and yields are:

Wells Fargo (Bank) - WFC -$26 - 4.8% dividend yield

US Bancorp (Bank) - USB - $30 - 5.6% dividend yield

Bank of America (Bank) - BAC - $36 - 7.1% dividend yield

I can get a 7.1% yield on a bank stock - the largest bank in America by market capitalization -that's just announced a buyout of a troubled financial institution. 7.1%? Are you kidding me!? I say these banks offer fantastic value at these prices.

Do you really think the banking team would have even considered this buyout if they thought there was any potential they'd have to cut the dividend? Because that's what a 7.1% dividend for a major business institution implies: that a dividend cut, a la Citigroup, is in the works.

Unlike Citigroup, however, Bank of America is still buying. Does that sound like a troubled institution to you? 7.1%? You must be kidding.

Note: If you're on a blog aggregator, you can visit The Confused Capitalist here (or here: http://confusedcapitalist.blogspot.com/) for additional articles and exclusive content!

By comparison, the ETF "SPY" (S&P500) was trading at $132, and a 2.1% yield.


JW

The Confused Capitalist

Saturday, September 08, 2007

Dividend Yield versus Payout Yield - Part II

Weighing payout behaviours ...

In an posting made last month, I commented on the rising importance of payout yield versus dividend yield ... I just ran across an article in CFO magazine that perhaps explains part of the reason why dividend yield is declining as a predictor of future outperformance.


To quote ...


In 1980, for example, the value of stock buybacks exercised by S&P 500 companies equaled just 10 percent of the value of the dividends issued, according to Scott Weisbenner, a finance professor at the University of Illinois who studied the issue while serving as an economist at the Federal Reserve Board from 1999 to 2000. By the late 1990s, however, companies were spending more on repurchases than on dividends.

And the boom continues: in the second quarter of this year, buybacks outpaced the same period a year ago by 43 percent, while dividends accounted for just 32 percent of cash paid out to shareholders, down from 51 percent as recently as the second quarter of 2001. Weisbenner also found that between 1994 and 1998, the use of stock-options programs by S&P 500 companies grew by more than 40 percent.

Note: If you're on a blog aggregator, you can visit The Confused Capitalist here (or here: http://confusedcapitalist.blogspot.com/) for additional articles and exclusive content!

The rest of the article - which is primarily about the morality of company insiders selling into share buyback plans - can be accessed here.




JW

The Confused Capitalist

Sunday, September 24, 2006

Single Best Investment - some of the rules

I recently reviewed the book, The Single Best Investment, which provided a framework for investing in stocks likely to outperform the market over lengthy periods of time.

I am going to provide a synposis of some of the rules that the author suggests to find suitable candidates using this dividend-and-value-oriented approach:


  1. Company has to be financially strong, minimum B+ Value Line rating, or BBB+ S&P credit rank;
  2. Dividend yield at 150% of the S&P500, but hopefully at 200%+;
  3. Yield has to be expected, and shown to have grown over 5-10 years, at at least 5% annually (twice the expected inflation rate);
  4. Dividend payout ratio less than 50% (except for utilities and REITs);
  5. Company should have at least moderate earnings growth of 5-10% annually (both historically and going forward);
  6. Price/Sales ratio below 1.5, and hopefully less than 1.0;
  7. Price/Earnings ratios lower than the market, AND must less than the reciprocal of the long-term bond rate;
  8. Book value ratios should be lower than the market, and;
  9. Growth of cash on the balance sheet is a big positive.

There are, of course, other rules and suggestions, but I'd suggest to you that these encompass the heart of the book and suggested technique.

Since almost all of these rules as stand-alone situations have been shown by various academic studies to produce some level of market outperformance, combining them is obviously going to provide a platform for outstanding results with enhanced safety of capital.





JW

The Confused Capitalist

Saturday, September 23, 2006

A low-maintenance simple portfolio

I am advising an older person on their portfolio allocation for the stock market portion of their investments. Although he's not as old as the still long-term investor, 105 year old Albert Gordon, he's still looking to the future.

And that's smart, because, given his heredity, he may well have another 20-30 years left. And the only thing that'll provide adequate long-term growth over that time, is participation in the markets. I've convinced him that mutual funds aren't the best ticket today, but he still needs broad diversification at his age. So we're looking to some ETFs to fill his ticket.

Readers here know my belief in the power of dividend-paying stocks to produce out-sized market returns, with lower volatility and risk. This has been well-documented in a variety of books, large and small market studies over lengthy periods of time, covering a variety of market conditions. Thus, most of the selections I suggest for this Canadian investor, will fit the mold of having dividend-paying attributes as prime amongst their selection criteria.

Because of potential tax implications, we'll seek suitable Canadian products where available.

We are going to use just four ETFs, a quartet, but this will provide ample diversification by geography and will eliminate individual stock risk. Given that they are ETFs, they will also eliminate so-called "style drift". Finally, we'll use products that use rules-based fundamental indexing where possible, to enhance returns and reduce risk.

Claymore Investments has three of the four products we'll need. Because he's Canadian, it's suitable to try and get returns denominated in Canadian funds if possible, on the basis that cost of living swings might mirror market activity. So here are the products I've suggested:

Claymore Canadian Dividend & Income Achievers (CDZ). Weighted to emphasize stocks that both have a relatively high yield, and also have a good track record of raising their dividends. It tracks the Mergent Canadian Dividend Income and Achievers (fundamental) index. Over the past five years, the index has posted a 15.1% annual gain, versus the S&P/TSX Index return of 11.1% annually. Over ten years, it posted an 18.1% annual return, versus an 11.0% return for the S&P/TSX Index. The underlying holdings are around 55-60 stocks typically. I'm suggesting a 40% weighting for this ETF.

Claymore US Fundamental Index, C$ Hedged (CLU). This ETF also tracks another fundamental index, which tracks the top 1,000 US securities by fundamental value, using the following four factors: cash dividends, free cash-flow, total sales, and book equity. This ETF is also attractive from my point of view, in that I think the US dollar will be lower in 10 years than now, but this ETF hedges against currency changes, meaning that we'll only trap the underlying changes in the index. Over five years, this index has returned a 7.0% rate annually, versus a -3.2% S&P 500 annual return (as converted to Canadian currency). The underlying holdings are around 1,000 stocks. I am suggesting a 20% weighting for this ETF.

Claymore BRIC (CBQ) is the final Claymore product, that portfolio manager Roger Nusbaum has also written about. This ETF isn't fundamentally indexed, but is designed to mirror the BNY BRIC Index, which tracks ADRs from Brazil, Russia, India and China, all powerful emerging economies. Over time, this should be a strong growth component, but one which will also be volatile in nature. This index has returned 33.2% annually over the past four years, versus the more widely known MSCI EM Index, which has returned 19.7% annually over the same period. The ETF has 75 underlying stocks with above average concentration in the first ten stocks, with about 53% of the value held therein. This isn't currency hedged or denominated in Canadian dollars, but this could be a plus if these currencies gain strength against the Canadian dollar over the next decade. I am suggesting a 20% weighting for this ETF.

Finally, for the fourth ETF, I'll suggest a product that trades on the American exchanges, a Wisdom Tree ETF product that tracks the Wisdom Tree International Dividend Top 100 Index (DOO). This is also a fundamental index, based on dividend yield of large and mega cap international companies. Currently, about 80% of the companies in the index are domiciled in Europe, with about 20% in Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. The index has returned 16% annually over the past five years, as denominated in US Dollars. Conversion to Canadian currency over that time would have considerably diminished these returns to about 8.5% annually (which is still respectable, although not outstanding). While the currency issue may be slightly negative over the next decade, I don't think it's going to weigh down returns like it did over the past five years, or like it might for an unhedged US stock situation going forward. I am suggesting a 20% weighting in this ETF.

Well, that's it. A relatively simple portfolio, with ample geographic representation, and wide corporate representation. The one noteworthy thing about this portfolio is that it's definitely weighted to the financial sector, but I've never considered that a particular problem, since I consider this sector as the backbone of the entire economic system. My theory here is that if this sector suffers some sort of serious long-term decline, so will virtually every other sector of the economy.

Finally, the other noteworthy aspect is the ability of high-dividend paying stocks to resist market downturns, something that might make this particular portfolio even more attractive; certainly, it makes it easier to sleep at night.

In summary, I consider that these four components will produce robust and relatively reliable returns over the medium to long haul, all with overall reduced risk because of the weighting towards the various fundamental indexes.



JW

The Confused Capitalist

Saturday, September 09, 2006

Book Review: The Single Best Investment

I recently completed reading The Single Best Investment: Creating Wealth with Dividend Growth, by investment manager Lowell Miller. The dust cover additionally describes the book as "The Classic/Revised & Updated".

The subtitle describes how the wealth is to be created: by finding reasonably-priced (perhaps even so-called "cheap" stocks), reasonably-yielding dividend-paying stocks, that have a history of raising their dividends over time.

As readers to this blog know, I am a fan of both buying stocks with below average PE ratios, and with good (and rising) dividend yields as a way to outperform the market (which is the essense of the approach recommended in this book). This is also something I've written about here, here, and here. So this is an approach that I personally recommend as suitable for practically any type of stock-market investor.

This book is useful for both beginning investors and those with more experience, particularly experienced investors weary of the "next great stock" approach. Mr. Miller does teach the keys to finding the right kind of stocks, that will allow an investor to "sleep easy", knowing that the stocks chosen using this approach are likely to be far less volatile than the market in general, and to have great staying power over the longer term. All with the likelihood of achieving achieving above-market-average rates of return. What more could most investors want?

Of course, this also provides the opportunity to hold these stocks outside of tax-sheltered accounts for long periods of time, thereby reducing both transaction costs, and capital gains. Another wonderful benefit.

Finally, the book isn't filled with lots of technical jargon and is a nice easy read.

However, having sung the praises of this book I also have to note a few a warts with the book. Although it's stated as an "updated" version, there are places in the book where it's not clear what time frame is being talked about: now, or examples which were current when the orginal version was published (about 10 years ago). Also, some of the examples are also dated, and it could have been very useful for the author to show how, for instance, five or ten stocks recently purchased in the portfolio he manages, fits into this approach. A few changes to the book could have resulted in a great book showing a a great approach, rather than just a good book with a great approach. Overall though, these warts aren't enough to really detract from the overall content and message of the book.

In the end, this is a book I definitely recommend this as a good addition to any investors library, with a very solid approach, and with very high off-the-shelf usefulness. I'll definitely be lending this book to my teenagers to read and for them hopefully to practice the approach!

Finally, I would like to thank and acknowledge the publicist (Jo Treggiari of The Print Project) for providing me with a complementary copy of the book.


JW

The Confused Capitalist

Thursday, August 10, 2006

Dividends: Swinging the Odds in my Favor!

In my own investing, I pay attention to signs that the business managers and corporate directors have a "shareholder orientation". One place this is clearly visible relates to dividends; paying and increasing them. The reason I pay attention is because the propensity of dividend-paying stocks to outperform is well-known. As reported over here, dividends have a fabulous track record for indicating outperformance with the underlying stock.

Some have speculated that this is due to the managers having to keep their "eye on the ball", i.e. what produces cash-flow and earnings, and to look to keep developing aspects of the business able to do that. I believe that's true over the longer-term.

Over the shorter-term, I also believe that instituting or increasing dividends has a good record of predicting upturns in that particular business. Basically, when either of those things happens, a group of individuals very knowledgeable about the business (i.e. the company's directors) are telling you that things look pretty good from their perch.

Generally, they're going to have far more knowledge and insight about their business than I do, and when you add that to the obvious shareholder orientation of returning excess capital, this provides me with three positive signs unavailable in many businesses. Just to recap, those signs are:

1. Ability of management to keep their eye on the ball - i.e. business activities that generate cash;
2. A "report" of sorts from the directors, that things are looking pretty good as far as they can see, and;
3. A "shareholder brain", a positive decision to return excess cash to shareholders, rather than spend it foolishly.

I once used a list published in a national newspaper that showed companies that had increased their dividends in the past one, three, and five years (i.e. three sets of companies) by the highest amount over that time frame. I think each list had about 50 companies on it, with some overlap (i.e. a company might have appeared on two or even three of the lists). Many were obviously larger companies with established track records and with very solid, if unspectacular, share price growth too.

However, I used the list in a different way. I speculated that companies appearing only on the one year list (highest dividend raises in the past year) and nowhere else, were signalling a significant upturn in their business fortunes.

I tracked those companies, let's call them Dividend Dynamos, over the course of a year, and compared it to the most appropriate benchmark, the TSX/S&P60.

Even after eliminating those in the oil business (whose fortunes were in a major upswing) from the Dynamos, but not the benchmark, after one year, the 10 remaining Dynamos were up by an average of 39%, compared to just 18% for the benchmark. Also, not a single one of the Dynamos was up by any less than 20%!

Further, a quick and dirty assessment on the benchmark told me that about half of the benchmark rise was due to oil companies. So the true comparison was even starker: about a 4:1 advantage for the Dynamos.

Dividends: a good thing. Look for them.

NB Ammended at 10:04AM to include missing link to prior dividend discussion. Also here.


JW

The Confused Capitalist

Friday, June 16, 2006

Dividend Divas

Ain't dividends grand?

Boy I remember back in the bad old days of the late 1990's, when dividend-paying stock-owners were looked down upon, by their Nasdaq-investing friends. Their stocks seemingly soared, while boring old dividend-paying stocks just kind of coasted along. Time has shown of course, that many Nasdaq-type stocks were destined to crash and burn, while the dividenders did nothing more than produce reliable consistent wealth growth.

A recent study by RBC Dominion Securities show how dramatic that difference has been. They isolated stocks into three silos, one which was stocks that paid no dividends over the past ten years, another consisting of stocks with stable dividends, and the last consisting of stocks that consistently increased their dividend over the period.

In the US market, to May 30, the average annual rate of return was as follows:
  1. No dividends: 6.5% annually
  2. Stable dividends: 8.8% annually
  3. Increasing dividends: 9.6% annually.

In Canada, the difference was even starker, and more remarkable:
  1. No dividends: 1.3% annually
  2. Stable dividends: 15.5% annually
  3. Increasing dividends: 17.2% annually

Just to remind you of exactly what kind of return 17.2% is - that'll double your wealth in just over four years. Please bore me some more!



JW

The Confused Capitalist

Tuesday, March 07, 2006

ONE of you will live longer than you think: Staying in the Stock Market

A recent posting by my internet friend, Random Roger, pointed to a recent Wall Street Journal article that postulated that long-term interest rates might be held down by the number of aging boomers shifting a portion of their portfolios towards bonds and CDs, and away from the stock market.

While this might be true, only the uninformed pension-aged couple will do anything more than a modest move away from the stock market. For only through long-term growth - perhaps using quality divided paying stocks - like ones I recently highlighted over here - can you expect that long-term growth and growth in dividend payments be reasonably expected to offset the effects of inflation over a long retirement.

And that's partly because ONE of you will probably live longer than you think. A 65 year old male has an average mortality around 80, and a 65 year old female, 83. However, according to the Society of Actuaries, there's better than 45% chance that one of you will still be alive at 90, and a nearly a one in five chance that one of you will be alive at 95.

Now if you put a lot of your funds into bonds at age 70, then what do you think the chances are that you'll have much left some 25 years later? Unless it was a small (perhaps large?) fortune to begin with. And the averages also hide some other factors - it's reported that blue collar workers suffer 40% higher mortality in the years immediately following retirement, so if you're a white collar worker, you can expect you or your "sweetheart's" chances to survive to be even higher.

So if you're approaching your retirement years, or have already moved your portfolio this way, this is something you definitely should review and reconsider.



JW

The Confused Capitalist



Monday, February 20, 2006

Financial Leverage: $3.05 Diversification

An important safety component in any portfolio is based upon diversification. That means NOT buying companies that are all in just one sector or industry. This protects a portfolio against a dramatic cyclical decline based on one industry or sector weakening over time. Against that, hopefully other companies or sectors held within our portfolio will be experiencing an asendancy in their fortunes.

In short, diversifying sufficiently protects our portfolio, provides possible enhancement of returns, and best of all - allows us to sleep well at night.

Let's consider this portfolio. While it lacks some components of diversification (such as smaller companies, foreign companies, and emerging market companies) the large companies are well-suited to having the probability of providing a steady stream of dividend income to us - a very important consideration. So we are mainly looking to see that we haven't inadvertently selected companies in just one market sector. So let's look at them:

  1. ATT - Telecom
  2. Altria - Tobacco / Food
  3. Bristol Meyers Squib - Pharmacueticals
  4. Conagra - Foods
  5. Progress Energy - Utilities
  6. Reynolds American - Tobacco
  7. Sara Lee - Foods
  8. Southern - Utilities
  9. UST - Tobacco
  10. Verizon - Telecom
  11. Bank of America - Bank/Financial
  12. Citigroup - Bank/Financial
Although we can see some concentration, particularly in tobacco, most of these companies are in areas where there has traditionally been good dividend yields available, especially tobacco, banks, utilities, and telecoms. In general, given our insistence of a high dividend yield and the safety of large companies, this portfolio has fairly good diversification.

The point is here, that it's currently possible to construct a conservative portfolio that's initially close to cash-flow positive, after borrowing all the money to buy that portfolio. I'll talk about some other possibilities later ...

JW

The Confused Capitalist


Financial Leverage: $3.04 - value of stocks & cash flow

So our 50 year old couple are anticipated to have a positive cash-flow after a few years, reaching over $91,000 annually, by age 80. In addition to this rather nice supplement to their living income, the value of the stocks they purchased should also be increasing.

Over the past 10 years or so, the average total annual return on the 12 stocks we picked for them increased by about 10% annually. However, about half of that was being received in annual dividends, meaning that the value (or cost) of the stocks was inflating by about 5% per year.

While this might seem small, remember that we wanted them to have an adequate cash-flow for living expenses, and some nice extras in their retirement years, rather than having to scrimp and worry.

Using the 5% projected annual increase in value then, the expected value of this initial $200,000 stock portfolio is:
  1. In 10 years: $325,000
  2. In 20 years: $530,000
  3. In 30 years: $864,000
and our positive annual cash-flow is projected as:
  1. In 10 years: $5,957
  2. In 20 years: $28,728
  3. In 30 years: $91,376 (loan payment has expired)
So not only do the dividends pay well, but the increasing base value of the portfolio means that they are offered some protection against inflation for their income component, plus they may have the opportunity to pass this on through their estate to loved ones, or favorite causes.

And again, this was all because they took a fairly modest risk at this time, using some leverage to buy a high yielding stock portfolio. We'll later examine this portfolio to see if it meets some basic criteria for diversification.

JW

The Confused Capitalist

Financial Leverage: $3.03 - situation overview


Financial leverage continued ...

Our couple: 50 years old, limited savings, poor retirement prospects, so did equity take-out of $200,000 from their house, additional loan payments of $1,199 monthly, intend to invest in dividend paying "Widow and Orphans" stocks, which are projected to have a small negative cash-flow for a few years, but are expected to become cash-flow positive in the sixth year and by their 70th birthday, is anticipated to be providing around $28,728 annually in positive cash flow.

We found them 12 large NYSE-listed companies. Not only does it seem likely that the dividend will cover the mortgage payment in a few years and continue to increase thereafter, there's also the prospect that at some point the mortgage will be fully paid off. In addition, we've got to consider that it's quite likely that the value of these stock holdings will be increased in the future.

We'll take a look at what those values are likely to be ...

JW
The Confused Capitalist


Sunday, February 19, 2006

Financial Leverage: $3.02 - the actual portfolio

Financial leverage continued ...

So we have our 50 year old couple, limited savings, poor retirement prospects, so did equity take-out of $200,000 from their house, additional loan payments of $1,199 monthly, intend to invest in dividend paying "Widow and Orphans" stocks, which are projected to have a small negative cash-flow for a few years, but are expected to become cash-flow positive in the sixth year and by their 70th birthday, is anticipated to be providing around $28,728 annually in positive cash flow. Here are the 12 NYSE-listed companies that were selected from the newspaper and met a few other criteria and, as you can see, there are some large companies included such as Citigroup and ATT, amongst others .... (scroll way down, I'm having some trouble formatting this puppy!)















































































































































Company

Symbol

Yield

Annual Yield Growth

ATT

T

4.70%

6.70%

ALTRIA

MO

4.40%

9.50%

BRISTOL MEYERS SQUIB

BMY

4.90%

0.00%

CONAGRA

CAG

5.20%

4.60%

PROGRESS ENERGY

PGN

5.40%

2.70%

REYNOLDS AMERICAN

RAI

4.80%

6.20%

SARA LEE

SLE

4.40%

7.60%

SOUTHERN

SO

4.40%

2.50%

UST

UST

5.70%

4.60%

VERIZON

VZ

4.70%

1.00%

BANK OF AMERICA

BAC

4.50%

13.60%

CITIGROUP

C

4.20%

34.40%

AVERAGE


4.80%

7.80%


You can also see that they produce an average dividend yield of 4.8%, and that dividend has, on average, been growing by 7.8% annually. Later, we'll consider other aspects of these 12 stocks as a stand-alone portfolio.

JW

The Confused Capitalist

Leverage Edition: $3.01 - Do what you CAN afford

Financial leverage continued ....

50 year old couple, limited savings, poor retirement prospects, so did equity take-out of $200,000 from their house, additional loan payments of $1,199 monthly, intend to invest in dividend paying "Widow and Orphans" stocks, which have a small negative cash-flow for a few years, but is expected to become cash-flow positive in the sixth year and by their 70th birthday, is anticipated to be providing around $28,728 annually in positive cash flow.

Of course, your home might not be worth the same as those folks, or maybe you couldn't afford that amount of initial negative cash flow (averaging about $2,000 annually for the first five years [without considering the tax benefit of the deductibility of the mortgage interest]) - so you might be able to only afford a $50,000 equity take-out. In that instance, everything would simply be divided by four, but otherwise the example would remain the same.

On the other hand, you also might be starting out younger, and that allows much more time for everything to build up by retirement age.

Later we'll look at the specific companies I used in this current example.

JW


Leverage Edition: $2.01 - Escape Financial Jail

Financial Leverage Continued ...

50 year old couple, limited savings, poor retirement prospects, so did equity take-out of $200,000 from their house, additional loan payments of $1,199 monthly, intend to invest in dividend paying Widow and Orphans stocks.

    So, carrying on, I was able to quickly go through the local paper, and find a number of large company names I recognized (Widow and Orphans Stocks), and looked for yields in the 4-6% range. Lower than that, it wouldn't provide enough immediate cash-flow to help pay the mortgage, and higher than that can indicate a smaller company, or a large one in trouble. And we want a reasonable amount of safety, so we're staying in that general range.

    I was quickly able to find 15 stocks (just from an abbreviated list) that met those criteria, then I went over to Morningstar to look at the recent dividend payment history. I was looking to eliminate stocks which decreased their dividend payment compared to five years ago, and also whose total annual return (dividend payment plus change in the stock price) wasn't greater than 2%.

    This left me with twelve big name stocks, who have an average market capitalization in excess of $50 Billion, with only one of those names below $10 Billion market capitalization. They produce an average current dividend yield of 4.8%. Not only that but, on average, those dividends had been increasing by 7.8% annually over the past few years.

    So this offers the very distinct possibility that the dividend payments in the future will more than cover the increased mortgage payment of $1,199 monthly.

    In fact, if we divide the $200,000 evenly in stock purchases among those 12 companies, we should recieve $9,600 annually in dividend payments for the first year, compared to our annual mortgage payment of $14,388 (12 x $1,199). So the first year, we'll have to cut our expenses and dig into our pockets to fund the difference of $4,788, or $400 monthly. However, there's also the matter of the tax write-off for the interest on the mortgage (about $12,000 is interest in the first year), which should help narrow that $400 monthly shortfall (talk to your accountant about the exact amount).

    Since the recent history is that these companies increase their dividends on average by 7.8% annually, we can reasonably expect that we'll get a higher payment in the future. Using the 7.8% increase per year, by the third year we'd be getting $11,148 annually, and by year five, our dividends of $13,968 almost cover the mortgage payment. If these companies continue increasing their dividends just like they have in the recent past, then by year six we be getting a positive annual cash flow of about $672.

    Fifteen years from when we took the loan out, at retirement age of 65, the positive cash flow (after the mortgage payment has been fully paid from the dividend) would be about $15,228 annually. This cash flow continues rising so that five years later, it should now be around $28,728 annually in positive cash flow. At the time we hit 80, the loan is then fully paid off, and our annual dividends are $91,368. SWEEEET!!

    And all because you decided to fund a small shortfall for a few brief years - and managed both your risk and leverage wisely.

    More later ...

    JW


    Leverage Edition: $1.01 - The Basic Plan

    A little title humor there, folks!

    Continuing on - 50 year old couple, bleak retirement prospects, but nice home, mostly paid for.

    Well, WAS mostly paid for - now we approach the bank. Your current home value is $400,000, against which you've got a $100,000 existing mortgage - the bank agrees to a 30 year refinance of $300,000, at 6%, which would increase your current payments by $1,199 per month, which we can find out by using this Mortgage Calculator. Yiiiiiikes!

    But let's see how we can make that extra $200,000 go to work for us, by the power of leverage. We are going to use that money to buy some Widow and Orphan Stocks that pays high dividends.

    By going through my local newspaper, with its condensed stock listings of large companies listed on the NYSE, I can pull up a number of large company names that I recognize, where the dividend yield is above 4%.

    If I can find enough of these companies, and ones that have generally increased their dividend payment over time, then I can - after a spell - get the mortgage to pay for itself. After a bit more time, I can start to get a positive cash flow, because the dividend payments become more than the loan payment, and after a while, I'll own a whole lot of stock that has increased in value, and is now loan free and spinning off even more in dividends.

    More later ...

    JW